Local Hazard History
Sacramento's defining risk is water. The city sits at the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers, protected by an aging levee system, and is frequently cited as one of the most flood-prone major U.S. cities — often ranked just behind New Orleans. That risk is not theoretical: the February 1986 and January 1997 New Year's floods overwhelmed Central Valley levees and forced mass evacuations across the region. More recently, the New Year's Eve atmospheric river of December 31, 2022 breached levees along the Cosumnes River in southern Sacramento County, killing three people, swamping homes and washing out State Route 99. Summer brings the opposite extreme: on September 6, 2022, downtown Sacramento hit an all-time record 116°F, breaking the 114°F mark that had stood since 1925. And while the city itself rarely burns, wildfire smoke does reach it — during the 2018 Camp Fire roughly 90 miles north, Sacramento recorded some of the worst air quality in the world for nearly two weeks.